Ans: 1st Part: Douglas McGregor put up two opposing theories about how people think, one negative (theory X) and the other positive (theory Y). McGregor concluded that a manager’s perception of the nature of people is based on a specific set of assumptions and that he or she tends to shape his or her behavior … Read more
Ans: Define promotion. Ans: The term “promotion” denotes the advancement of an employee to a better and higher job. Promotion refers to transferring an employee to a new position, which indicates higher pay, privileges, or status than the old one. Dale Yoder asserts that “promotion is a shift to a position in which duties and … Read more
Industrial Relations Industrial relations, also called “Labour-management relations” or “Employer-employee relations“, represent the relationships in an industrial organization between the employer and employees as between employees and employees. Poor industrial relations cause industrial disputes which reduces the productivity of the concern. The employee also suffers by way of loss of wages and salaries. The society … Read more
Behavioral Theories The failure to find “gold” in the trait “mines” prompted academics to focus on the actions taken by particular leaders. According to behavioral theories of leadership, some behaviors set leaders apart from followers. The implications of a successful behavioral approach to leadership would be very different from those of a successful characteristic approach. … Read more
According to Kelly (1974), this theory aims to categorize the personal traits—such as ones related to the physical, psychological, and mental—that are connected to effective leadership. Research linking different qualities to a leader’s success is the foundation of trait theory. There is a long number of qualities that can be used to characterize an effective … Read more
The ability to persuade a group of people to work towards common objectives is what is meant by leadership. This influence may come from a formal source, such as having managerial status within an organization. A person may adopt a leadership role merely because of the position he or she has in the organization, as … Read more
