1. Who is the father of the Human Relations Approach and what does he assume?
Ans: Elton Mayo is the father of the Human Relations Approach. The advocates of this school stressed the special importance of a human sense of value to understand manners and customs individually and in groups of organizational workers. The assumptions made are,
(social factors influence any organization; (b) the employees employed in the organization create a group among themselves; (c) the influence of the organization is unparallel in work – efficiency, and result.
2. Discuss the principles of coordination as directed by Mary Parker Follet.
Ans: Mary Parker Follet has remarked on four principles of coordination. For example, (i) under any situation mutual relationship among all the elements, (ii) direct relationship with the responsible person, (iii) introduction at the early stages, and (iv) continuous process. Objectives can be achieved with the harmonization of all the factors.
3. State two principles of scientific management.
Ans: Scientific management is concerned with several principles. Out of them, two important principles are – (a) for each employee’s work introduction of scientific methods is needed instead of some old methods; (b) employee selection and training should be introduced on the scientific basis for each work.
4. State two disadvantages of scientific management.
Ans: First, to introduce this system in the industry, a few costly arrangements must be adopted. In that case, an increase in administrative costs will be inevitable. Secondly, the introduction of this management becomes a costly affair; so the application of this management is limited. For these reasons, this system is not accepted as a tool of universal management.
5. What do you understand by time study?
Ans: The function of studying time needed for each small process of the work and recording functions is generally called time study. The time needed is measured separately by time study for conducting different parts of any work.
6. What is motion study?
Ans: Motion study involves the study of movements by which the necessary motions on the part of the machine or operator can be minimized. According to Taylor, the main object of motion study is to complete the job through the movement of the body.
7. What is Business?
Ans: A business is an organization that utilizes resources or inputs from the economy to offer clients products and services in exchange for cash or other products and services. There are many distinct sorts and styles of business organizations.